IIT JEE 2020 Paper 2 (English)

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SECTION- A

Q.1 A large square container with thin transparent vertical walls and filled with water (refractive index 4/3) is kept on a horizontal table. A student holds a thin straight wire vertically inside the water 12 cm from one of its corners, as shown schematically in the figure. Looking at the wire from this corner, another student sees two images of the wire, located symmetrically on each side of the line of sight as shown. The separation (in cm) between these images is __.

Q.2 A train with cross-sectional area 𝑆_𝑡 is moving with speed 𝑣𝑡 inside a long tunnel of cross-sectional area 𝑆₀ (𝑆₀ = 4𝑆_𝑡). Assume that almost all the air (density ) in front of the train flows back between its sides and the walls of the tunnel. Also, the air flow with respect to the train is steady and laminar.
Take the ambient pressure and that inside the train to be 𝑝₀. If the pressure in the region between the sides of the train and the tunnel walls is 𝑝, then 𝑝₀ − 𝑝 = 7_/2𝑁𝜌𝑣_𝑡². The value of 𝑁 is ________.

Q.3 Two large circular discs separated by a distance of 0.01 m are connected to a battery via a switch as shown in the figure. Charged oil drops of density 900 kg m⁻³ are released through a tiny hole at the center of the top disc. Once some oil drops achieve terminal velocity, the switch is closed to apply a voltage of 200 V across the discs. As a result, an oil drop of radius 8 × 10⁻⁷ m stops moving vertically and floats between the discs. The number of electrons present in this oil drop is ________. (neglect the buoyancy force, take acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms⁻² and charge on an electron (e) = 1.6×10^–19 C)

Q.4 A hot air balloon is carrying some passengers, and a few sandbags of mass 1 kg each so that its total mass is 480 kg. Its effective volume giving the balloon its buoyancy is 𝑉. The balloon is floating at an equilibrium height of 100 m. When 𝑁 number of sandbags are thrown out, the balloon rises to a new equilibrium height close to 150 m with its volume 𝑉 remaining unchanged. If the variation of the density of air with height ℎ from the ground is 𝜌(ℎ) = 𝜌₀𝑒^−ℎ/ℎ0, where 𝜌₀ = 1.25 kg m⁻³and ℎ₀ = 6000 m, the value of 𝑁 is _________.

Q.5 A point charge q of mass 𝑚 is suspended vertically by a string of length 𝑙. A point dipole of dipole moment 𝑝 ⃗ is now brought towards q from infinity so that the charge moves away. The final equilibrium position of the system including the direction of the dipole, the angles and distances is shown in the figure below. If the work done in bringing the dipole to this position is 𝑁 × (𝑚𝑔ℎ), where g is the acceleration due to gravity, then the value of 𝑁 is _________ . (Note that for three coplanar forces keeping a point mass in equilibrium, F/sin𝜃 is the same for all forces, where 𝐹 is any one of the forces and 𝜃 is the angle between the other two forces)

Q.6 A thermally isolated cylindrical closed vessel of height 8 m is kept vertically. It is divided into two equal parts by a diathermic (perfect thermal conductor) frictionless partition of mass 8.3 kg. Thus the partition is held initially at a distance of 4 m from the top, as shown in the schematic figure below. Each of the two parts of the vessel contains 0.1 mole of an ideal gas at temperature 300 K. The partition is now released and moves without any gas leaking from one part of the vessel to the other. When equilibrium is reached, the distance of the partition from the top (in m) will be _______ (take the acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms⁻² and the universal gas constant = 8.3 J mol⁻¹K⁻¹).

Q.7 A beaker of radius 𝑟 is filled with water (refractive index 4/3) up to a height 𝐻 as shown in the figure on the left. The beaker is kept on a horizontal table rotating with angular speed 𝜔. This makes the water surface curved so that the difference in the height of water level at the center and at the circumference of the beaker is ℎ (ℎ ≪ 𝐻, ℎ ≪ 𝑟), as shown in the figure on the right. Take this surface to be approximately spherical with a radius of curvature 𝑅. Which of the following is/are correct? (g is the acceleration due to gravity)

Q.8 A student skates up a ramp that makes an angle 30° with the horizontal. He/she starts (as shown in the figure) at the bottom of the ramp with speed 𝑣0 and wants to turn around over a semicircular path xyz of radius 𝑅 during which he/she reaches a maximum height ℎ (at point y) from the ground as shown in the figure. Assume that the energy loss is negligible and the force required for this turn at the highest point is provided by his/her weight only. Then (g is the acceleration due to gravity)

(A) 𝑣₀² − 2𝑔ℎ = 1_/2𝑔𝑅
(B) 𝑣₀² − 2𝑔ℎ = √3_/2𝑔𝑅
(C) the centripetal force required at points x and z is zero
(D) the centripetal force required is maximum at points x and z

Q.9 A rod of mass 𝑚 and length 𝐿, pivoted at one of its ends, is hanging vertically. A bullet of the same mass moving at speed 𝑣 strikes the rod horizontally at a distance 𝑥 from its pivoted end and gets embedded in it. The combined system now rotates with angular speed 𝜔 about the pivot. The maximum angular speed 𝜔𝑀 is achieved for 𝑥 = 𝑥_𝑀. Then

Q.10 In an X-ray tube, electrons emitted from a filament (cathode) carrying current I hit a target (anode) at a distance 𝑑 from the cathode. The target is kept at a potential 𝑉 higher than the cathode resulting in emission of continuous and characteristic X-rays. If the filament current 𝐼 is decreased to 𝐼/2, the potential difference 𝑉 is increased to 2𝑉, and the separation distance 𝑑 is reduced to 𝑑/2, then

(A) the cut-off wavelength will reduce to half, and the wavelengths of the characteristic X-rays will remain the same
(B) the cut-off wavelength as well as the wavelengths of the characteristic X-rays will remain the same
(C) the cut-off wavelength will reduce to half, and the intensities of all the X-rays will decrease
(D) the cut-off wavelength will become two times larger, and the intensity of all the X-rays will decrease

Q.11 Two identical non-conducting solid spheres of same mass and charge are suspended in air from a common point by two non-conducting, massless strings of same length. At equilibrium, the angle between the strings is 𝛼. The spheres are now immersed in a dielectric liquid of density 800 kg m⁻³ and dielectric constant 21. If the angle between the strings remains the same after the immersion, then

(A) electric force between the spheres remains unchanged
(B) electric force between the spheres reduces
(C) mass density of the spheres is 840 kg m⁻³
(D) the tension in the strings holding the spheres remains unchanged

Q.12 Starting at time 𝑡 = 0 from the origin with speed 1 ms⁻¹, a particle follows a two-dimensional trajectory in the x-y plane so that its coordinates are related by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥²/ 2. The x and y components of its acceleration are denoted by 𝑎_𝑥 and 𝑎_y, respectively. Then

(A) 𝑎_𝑥 = 1 ms−2 implies that when the particle is at the origin, 𝑎𝑦 = 1 ms⁻²
(B) 𝑎_𝑥 = 0 implies 𝑎𝑦 = 1 ms⁻² at all times
(C) at 𝑡 = 0, the particle’s velocity points in the 𝑥-direction
(D) 𝑎_𝑥 = 0 implies that at 𝑡 = 1 s, the angle between the particle’s velocity and the 𝑥 axis is 45°

Q.13 A spherical bubble inside water has radius 𝑅. Take the pressure inside the bubble and the water pressure to be 𝑝0. The bubble now gets compressed radially in an adiabatic manner so that its radius becomes (𝑅 − 𝑎). For 𝑎 ≪ 𝑅 the magnitude of the work done in the process is given by (4𝜋𝑝₀𝑅𝑎²)𝑋, where 𝑋 is a constant and 𝛾 = 𝐶_𝑝 ⁄𝐶_𝑉 = 41⁄ 30. The value of 𝑋 is________.

Q.14 In the balanced condition, the values of the resistances of the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge are shown in the figure below. The resistance 𝑅₃ has temperature coefficient 0.0004 ℃−1. If the temperature of 𝑅₃ is increased by 100 ℃, the voltage developed between 𝑆 and 𝑇 will be __________volt.

Q.15 Two capacitors with capacitance values 𝐶₁ = 2000 ± 10 pF and 𝐶₂ = 3000 ± 15 pF are connected in series. The voltage applied across this combination is 𝑉 = 5.00 ± 0.02 V. The percentage error in the calculation of the energy stored in this combination of capacitors is _______.

Q.16 A cubical solid aluminium (bulk modulus = −𝑉 𝑑𝑃/ 𝑑𝑉 = 70 GPa) block has an edge length of 1 m on the surface of the earth. It is kept on the floor of a 5 km deep ocean. Taking the average density of water and the acceleration due to gravity to be 103 kg m−3 and 10 ms−2, respectively, the change in the edge length of the block in mm is _____.

Q.17 The inductors of two 𝐿𝑅 circuits are placed next to each other, as shown in the figure. The values of the self inductance of the inductors, resistances, mutual-inductance and applied voltages are specified in the given circuit. After both the switches are closed simultaneously, the total work done by the batteries against the induced 𝐸𝑀𝐹 in the inductors by the time the currents reach their steady state values is________ mJ.

Q.18 A container with 1 kg of water in it is kept in sunlight, which causes the water to get warmer than the surroundings. The average energy per unit time per unit area received due to the sunlight is 700 Wm⁻² and it is absorbed by the water over an effective area of 0.05 m². Assuming that the heat loss from the water to the surroundings is governed by Newton’s law of cooling, the difference (in ℃) in the temperature of water and the surroundings after a long time will be _____________. (Ignore effect of the container, and take constant for Newton’s law of cooling = 0.001 s⁻¹, Heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹)

SECTION- B

Q.1 The 1st, 2nd, and the 3rd ionization enthalpies, 𝐼₁, 𝐼₂, and 𝐼₃, of four atoms with atomic numbers 𝑛, 𝑛 + 1, 𝑛 + 2, and 𝑛 + 3 , where 𝑛 < 10, are tabulated below. What is the value of 𝑛?

Q.2 Consider the following compounds in the liquid form:
O₂, HF, H₂O, NH₃, H₂O₂, CCl₄, CHCl₃, C₆H₆, C₆H₅Cl.

When a charged comb is brought near their flowing stream, how many of them show deflection as per the following figure?

Q.3 In the chemical reaction between stoichiometric quantities of KMnO₄ and KI in weakly basic solution, what is the number of moles of I
2 released for 4 moles of KMnO₄ consumed?

Q.4 An acidified solution of potassium chromate was layered with an equal volume of amyl alcohol. When it was shaken after the addition of 1 mL of 3% H₂O₂, a blue alcohol layer was obtained. The blue color is due to the formation of a chromium (VI) compound ‘X’. What is the number of oxygen atoms bonded to chromium through only single bonds in a molecule of X?

Q.5 The structure of a peptide is given below.

If the absolute values of the net charge of the peptide at pH = 2, pH = 6, and pH = 11 are |𝑧₁|, |𝑧₂|,
and |𝑧₃|, respectively, then what is |𝑧₁| + |𝑧₂| + |𝑧₃|?

Q.6 An organic compound (C₈H₁0O₂) rotates plane-polarized light. It produces pink color with neutral FeCl₃ solution. What is the total number of all the possible isomers for this compound?

Q.7 In an experiment, 𝑚 grams of a compound X (gas/liquid/solid) taken in a container is loaded in a balance as shown in figure I below. In the presence of a magnetic field, the pan with X is either deflected upwards (figure II), or deflected downwards (figure III), depending on the compound X. Identify the correct statement(s).

(A) If X is H₂O(l), deflection of the pan is upwards.
(B) If X is K₄[Fe(CN)₆](𝑠), deflection of the pan is upwards.
(C) If X is O₂ (𝑔), deflection of the pan is downwards.
(D) If X is C₆H₆(l), deflection of the pan is downwards.

Q.8 Which of the following plots is(are) correct for the given reaction?
([P]0 is the initial concentration of P)

Q.9 Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true for the extraction of aluminium from bauxite?

(A) Hydrated Al₂O₃ precipitates, when CO₂ is bubbled through a solution of sodium aluminate.
(B) Addition of Na₃AlF₆ lowers the melting point of alumina.
(C) CO₂ is evolved at the anode during electrolysis.
(D) The cathode is a steel vessel with a lining of carbon.

Q.10 Choose the correct statement(s) among the following.

(A) SnCl₂.2H₂O is a reducing agent.
(B) SnO₂ reacts with KOH to form K₂[Sn(OH)₆].
(C) A solution of PbCl₂ in HCl contains Pb₂⁺and Cl⁻ions.
(D) The reaction of Pb₃O₄ with hot dilute nitric acid to give PbO₂ is a redox reaction.

Q.11 Consider the following four compounds I, II, III, and IV.

Choose the correct statement(s).

(A) The order of basicity is II > I > III > IV.
(B) The magnitude of pKb difference between I and II is more than that between III and IV.
(C) Resonance effect is more in III than in IV.
(D) Steric effect makes compound IV more basic than III.

Q.12 Consider the following transformations of a compound P.

Q.13 A solution of 0.1 M weak base (B) is titrated with 0.1 M of a strong acid (HA). The variation of pH of the solution with the volume of HA added is shown in the figure below. What is the p𝐾b of the base? The neutralization reaction is given by B + HA → BH⁺ + A⁻ .

Q.14 Liquids A and B form ideal solution for all compositions of A and B at 25 ℃. Two such solutions with 0.25 and 0.50 mole fractions of A have the total vapor pressures of 0.3 and 0.4 bar, respectively. What is the vapor pressure of pure liquid B in bar?

Q.15 The figure below is the plot of potential energy versus internuclear distance (𝑑) of H₂ molecule in the electronic ground state. What is the value of the net potential energy 𝐸₀ (as indicated in the figure) in kJ mol⁻¹, for 𝑑 = 𝑑₀ at which the electron-electron repulsion and the nucleus-nucleus repulsion energies are absent? As reference, the potential energy of H atom is taken as zero when its electron and the nucleus are infinitely far apart.
Use Avogadro constant as 6.023 × 1023 mol⁻¹.

Q.16 Consider the reaction sequence from P to Q shown below. The overall yield of the major product Q from P is 75%. What is the amount in grams of Q obtained from 9.3 mL of P? (Use density of P = 1.00 g mL⁻¹; Molar mass of C = 12.0, H =1.0, O =16.0 and N = 14.0 g mol⁻¹)

Q.17 Tin is obtained from cassiterite by reduction with coke. Use the data given below to determine the minimum temperature (in K) at which the reduction of cassiterite by coke would take place.
At 298 K: ∆ 𝑓𝐻⁰(SnO₂(𝑠)) = −581.0 kJ mol⁻¹, ∆𝑓𝐻0(CO₂(g)) = −394.0 kJ mol⁻¹,
𝑆⁰(SnO₂(s)) = 56.0 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹, 𝑆⁰(Sn(s)) = 52.0 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹,
𝑆⁰(C(𝑠)) = 6.0 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹, 𝑆⁰(CO₂(g)) = 210.0 J K⁻¹mol⁻¹.
Assume that the enthalpies and the entropies are temperature independent.

Q.18 An acidified solution of 0.05 M Zn²⁺ is saturated with 0.1 M H₂S. What is the minimum molar concentration (M) of H⁺ required to prevent the precipitation of ZnS?
Use 𝐾_sp (ZnS) = 1.25 × 10⁻²² and
overall dissociation constant of H₂S, 𝐾_NET = 𝐾₁𝐾₂ = 1 × 10⁻²¹.

SECTION- C

Q.1 For a complex number 𝑧, let Re(𝑧) denote the real part of 𝑧. Let 𝑆 be the set of all complex numbers 𝑧 satisfying 𝑧4 − |𝑧|⁴ = 4 𝑖 𝑧², where 𝑖 = √−1 . Then the minimum possible value of |𝑧₁ − 𝑧₂|², where 𝑧₁, 𝑧₂ ∈ 𝑆 with Re(𝑧1) > 0 and Re(𝑧₂) < 0, is _____

Q.2 The probability that a missile hits a target successfully is 0.75. In order to destroy the target completely, at least three successful hits are required. Then the minimum number of missiles that have to be fired so that the probability of completely destroying the target is NOT less than 0.95, is _____

Q.3 Let 𝑂 be the centre of the circle 𝑥² + 𝑦² = 𝑟², where 𝑟 > √5/2. Suppose 𝑃𝑄 is a chord of this circle and the equation of the line passing through 𝑃 and 𝑄 is 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5. If the centre of the circumcircle of the triangle 𝑂𝑃𝑄 lies on the line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4, then the value of 𝑟 is _____

Q.4 The trace of a square matrix is defined to be the sum of its diagonal entries. If 𝐴 is a 2 × 2 matrix such that the trace of 𝐴 is 3 and the trace of 𝐴³ is −18, then the value of the determinant of 𝐴 is _____

Q.5 Let the functions 𝑓: (−1, 1) → ℝ and 𝑔: (−1, 1) → (−1, 1) be defined by

𝑓(𝑥) = |2𝑥 − 1| + |2𝑥 + 1| and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥],

where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥. Let 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔: (−1, 1) → ℝ be the composite function defined by (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). Suppose 𝑐 is the number of points in the interval (−1, 1) at which 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is NOT continuous, and suppose 𝑑 is the number of points in the interval (−1, 1) at which 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 is NOT differentiable. Then the value of 𝑐 + 𝑑 is _____

Q.6 The value of the limit

is _____

Q.7 Let 𝑏 be a nonzero real number. Suppose 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ is a differentiable function such that 𝑓(0) = 1. If the derivative 𝑓′ of 𝑓 satisfies the equation

for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) If 𝑏 > 0, then 𝑓 is an increasing function
(B) If 𝑏 < 0, then 𝑓 is a decreasing function
(C) 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(−𝑥) = 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
(D) 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−𝑥) = 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

Q.8 Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be positive real numbers such that 𝑎 > 1 and 𝑏 < 𝑎. Let 𝑃 be a point in the first quadrant that lies on the hyperbola 𝑥2/ 𝑎2 − 𝑦2/ 𝑏2 = 1. Suppose the tangent to the hyperbola at 𝑃 passes through the point (1, 0), and suppose the normal to the hyperbola at 𝑃 cuts off equal intercepts on the coordinate axes. Let ∆ denote the area of the triangle formed by the tangent at 𝑃, the normal at 𝑃 and the 𝑥-axis. If 𝑒 denotes the eccentricity of the hyperbola, then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) 1 < 𝑒 < √2
(B) √2 < 𝑒 < 2
(C) ∆= 𝑎⁴
(D) ∆= 𝑏⁴

Q.9 Let 𝒇: ℝ → ℝ and 𝒈: ℝ → ℝ be functions satisfying

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑔(𝑥)

for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ. If lim_𝑥→0 𝑔(𝑥) = 1, then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) 𝑓 is differentiable at every 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
(B) If 𝑔(0) = 1, then 𝑔 is differentiable at every 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
(C) The derivative 𝑓′(1) is equal to 1
(D) The derivative 𝑓′(0) is equal to 1

Q.10 Let 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝛿 be real numbers such that 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 + 𝛾2 ≠ 0 and 𝛼 + 𝛾 = 1. Suppose the point (3, 2, −1) is the mirror image of the point (1, 0, −1) with respect to the plane 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽𝑦 + 𝛾𝑧 = 𝛿. Then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 2
(B) 𝛿 − 𝛾 = 3
(C) 𝛿 + 𝛽 = 4
(D) 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 𝛿

Q.11 Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be positive real numbers. Suppose 𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎𝑖 ̂̇ + 𝑏𝑗 ̂̇ and 𝑃𝑆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎𝑖 ̂̇ − 𝑏𝑗 ̂̇ are adjacent sides of a parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆. Let 𝑢 ⃗ and 𝑣 be the projection vectors of 𝑤 ⃗⃗ = 𝑖 ̂̇ + 𝑗 ̂̇ along 𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑃𝑆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ respectively. If |𝑢 ⃗ | + |𝑣 | = |𝑤 ⃗⃗ | and if the area of the parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is 8, then which of the
following statements is/are ?

(A) 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4
(B) 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2
(C) The length of the diagonal 𝑃𝑅 of the parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is 4
(D) 𝑤 ⃗⃗ is an angle bisector of the vectors 𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑃𝑆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗

Q.11 Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be positive real numbers. Suppose 𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎𝑖 ̂̇ + 𝑏𝑗 ̂̇ and 𝑃𝑆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎𝑖 ̂̇ − 𝑏𝑗 ̂̇ are adjacent sides
of a parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆. Let 𝑢 ⃗ and 𝑣 be the projection vectors of 𝑤 ⃗⃗ = 𝑖 ̂̇ + 𝑗 ̂̇ along 𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑃𝑆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,
respectively. If |𝑢 ⃗ | + |𝑣 | = |𝑤 ⃗⃗ | and if the area of the parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is 8, then which of the
following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4
(B) 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2
(C) The length of the diagonal 𝑃𝑅 of the parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is 4
(D) 𝑤 ⃗ is an angle bisector of the vectors 𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑃𝑆

Q.12 For nonnegative integers 𝑠 and 𝑟, let

For positive integers 𝑚 and 𝑛, let

where for any nonnegative integer 𝑝,

Then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

(A) 𝑔(𝑚, 𝑛) = 𝑔(𝑛, 𝑚) for all positive integers 𝑚, 𝑛
(B) 𝑔(𝑚, 𝑛 + 1) = 𝑔(𝑚 + 1, 𝑛) for all positive integers 𝑚, 𝑛
(C) 𝑔(2𝑚, 2𝑛) = 2 𝑔(𝑚, 𝑛) for all positive integers 𝑚, 𝑛
(D) 𝑔(2𝑚, 2𝑛) = (𝑔(𝑚, 𝑛))2 for all positive integers 𝑚, 𝑛

Q.13 An engineer is required to visit a factory for exactly four days during the first 15 days of every month and it is mandatory that no two visits take place on consecutive days. Then the number of all possible ways in which such visits to the factory can be made by the engineer during 1-15 June 2021 is _____

Q.14 In a hotel, four rooms are available. Six persons are to be accommodated in these four rooms in such a way that each of these rooms contains at least one person and at most two persons. Then the number of all possible ways in which this can be done is _____

Q.15 Two fair dice, each with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are rolled together and the sum of the numbers on the faces is observed. This process is repeated till the sum is either a prime number or a perfect square. Suppose the sum turns out to be a perfect square before it turns out to be a prime number. If 𝑝 is the probability that this perfect square is an odd number, then the value of 14𝑝 is _____

Q.16 Let the function 𝑓: [0, 1] → ℝ be defined by

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥/ 4𝑥 + 2 .

Then the value of

𝑓 (40/ 1 ) + 𝑓 (40/ 2 ) + 𝑓 (40/ 3 ) + ⋯ + 𝑓 (39/ 40) − 𝑓 (1/ 2)

is _____

Q.17 Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be a differentiable function such that its derivative 𝑓′ is continuous and 𝑓(𝜋) = −6. If 𝐹: [0, 𝜋] → ℝ is defined by 𝐹(𝑥) = _𝑥∫⁰𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡, and if

then the value of 𝑓(0) is ____

Q.18 Let the function 𝑓: (0, 𝜋) → ℝ be defined by

𝑓(𝜃) = (sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃)² + (sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃)⁴ .

Suppose the function 𝑓 has a local minimum at 𝜃 precisely when 𝜃 ∈ {𝜆₁𝜋, … , 𝜆_𝑟𝜋}, where 0 < 𝜆₁ < ⋯ < 𝜆_𝑟 < 1. Then the value of 𝜆₁ + ⋯ + 𝜆_𝑟 is _____